dmsh · PyPI

High-quality 2D mesh generator based on distmesh

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The worst mesh generator you'll ever use.

Inspired by distmesh, dmsh can be slow, requires a lot of memory, and isn't terribly robust either.

On the plus side,

it's got a user-friendly interface,
is pure Python (and hence easily installable on any system), and
it produces pretty high-quality meshes.

Combined with optimesh, dmsh produces the highest-quality 2D meshes in the west.

Examples

Primitives

import dmsh
import meshio
import optimesh

geo = dmsh.Circle([0.0, 0.0], 1.0)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1)

# optionally optimize the mesh
X, cells = optimesh.optimize_points_cells(X, cells, "CVT (full)", 1.0e-10, 100)

# visualize the mesh
dmsh.show(X, cells, geo)

# and write it to a file
meshio.Mesh(X, {"triangle": cells}).write("circle.vtk")

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Rectangle(-1.0, +2.0, -1.0, +1.0)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1)

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Polygon(
    [
        [0.0, 0.0],
        [1.1, 0.0],
        [1.2, 0.5],
        [0.7, 0.6],
        [2.0, 1.0],
        [1.0, 2.0],
        [0.5, 1.5],
    ]
)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1)

Combinations

Difference

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Circle([-0.5, 0.0], 1.0) - dmsh.Circle([+0.5, 0.0], 1.0)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1)

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Circle([0.0, 0.0], 1.0) - dmsh.Polygon([[0.0, 0.0], [1.5, 0.4], [1.5, -0.4]])
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1, tol=1.0e-10)

The following example uses a nonconstant edge length; it depends on the distance to the circle c.

import dmsh
import numpy as np

r = dmsh.Rectangle(-1.0, +1.0, -1.0, +1.0)
c = dmsh.Circle([0.0, 0.0], 0.3)
geo = r - c

X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, lambda pts: np.abs(c.dist(pts)) / 5 + 0.05, tol=1.0e-10)

Union

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Circle([-0.5, 0.0], 1.0) + dmsh.Circle([+0.5, 0.0], 1.0)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.15)

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Rectangle(-1.0, +0.5, -1.0, +0.5) + dmsh.Rectangle(-0.5, +1.0, -0.5, +1.0)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.15)

import dmsh
import numpy as np

angles = np.pi * np.array([3.0 / 6.0, 7.0 / 6.0, 11.0 / 6.0])
geo = dmsh.Union(
    [
        dmsh.Circle([np.cos(angles[0]), np.sin(angles[0])], 1.0),
        dmsh.Circle([np.cos(angles[1]), np.sin(angles[1])], 1.0),
        dmsh.Circle([np.cos(angles[2]), np.sin(angles[2])], 1.0),
    ]
)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.15)

Intersection

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Circle([0.0, -0.5], 1.0) & dmsh.Circle([0.0, +0.5], 1.0)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1, tol=1.0e-10)

import dmsh
import numpy as np

angles = np.pi * np.array([3.0 / 6.0, 7.0 / 6.0, 11.0 / 6.0])
geo = dmsh.Intersection(
    [
        dmsh.Circle([np.cos(angles[0]), np.sin(angles[0])], 1.5),
        dmsh.Circle([np.cos(angles[1]), np.sin(angles[1])], 1.5),
        dmsh.Circle([np.cos(angles[2]), np.sin(angles[2])], 1.5),
    ]
)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1, tol=1.0e-10)

The following uses the HalfSpace primtive for cutting off a circle.

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.HalfSpace([1.0, 1.0]) & dmsh.Circle([0.0, 0.0], 1.0)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1)

Rotation, translation, scaling

import dmsh
import numpy as np

geo = dmsh.Rotation(dmsh.Rectangle(-1.0, +2.0, -1.0, +1.0), 0.1 * np.pi)
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1, tol=1.0e-10)

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Rectangle(-1.0, +2.0, -1.0, +1.0) + [1.0, 1.0]
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1)

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Rectangle(-1.0, +2.0, -1.0, +1.0) * 2.0
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1, tol=1.0e-5)

Local refinement

All objects can be used to refine the mesh according to the distance to the object; e.g. a Path:

import dmsh

geo = dmsh.Rectangle(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0)

p1 = dmsh.Path([[0.4, 0.6], [0.6, 0.4]])


def target_edge_length(x):
    return 0.03 + 0.1 * p1.dist(x)


X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, target_edge_length, tol=1.0e-10)

Custom shapes

It is also possible to define your own geometry. Simply create a class derived from dmsh.Geometry that contains a dist method and a method to project points onto the boundary.

import dmsh
import numpy as np


class MyDisk(dmsh.Geometry):
    def __init__(self):
        self.r = 1.0
        self.x0 = [0.0, 0.0]
        bounding_box = [-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0]
        feature_points = np.array([[], []]).T
        super().__init__(bounding_box, feature_points)

    def dist(self, x):
        assert x.shape[0] == 2
        y = (x.T - self.x0).T
        return np.sqrt(np.einsum("i...,i...->...", y, y)) - self.r

    def boundary_step(self, x):
        # project onto the circle
        y = (x.T - self.x0).T
        r = np.sqrt(np.einsum("ij,ij->j", y, y))
        return ((y / r * self.r).T + self.x0).T


geo = MyDisk()
X, cells = dmsh.generate(geo, 0.1)

Debugging

dmsh is rather fragile, but sometimes the break-downs are due to an incorrectly defined geometry. Use

geo.show()

to inspect the level set function of your domain. (It must be negative inside the domain and positive outside. The 0-level set forms the domain boundary.)

Installation

dmsh is available from the Python Package Index, so simply type

pip install dmsh

to install.

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0.3.7

May 6, 2026

0.3.6

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dmsh 0.3.7

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